Figure 2

Implementation of Bias Shift in tumour cell population trajectory to ensure complete elimination of tumour. (A) Under usual intervention by therapeutic agents, the elimination of the tumour cell population T(t) is an exponentially decreasing curve, asymptotically approaching the time axis, so that tumour cell population becomes zero at infinite time duration. There is always a number of malignant cells in the exponential tail of the curve at any realistic time point, and the tumour recurs after the therapeutic agents are stopped. (B) The procedure from control systems analysis of utilizing the methodology of Bias Shift, for enabling the tumour cell population curve under therapy, so as to definitively attain zero cell population (tumour extinction) within a specific time t _p . The curve of T(t) intersects the time axis i.e., T(t) = 0, at the definitive time point P, by incorporating bias shift using a finite T* value.