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Figure 7 | Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Figure 7

From: A patient-specific therapeutic approach for tumour cell population extinction and drug toxicity reduction using control systems-based dose-profile design

Figure 7

Induction of complete elimination of low-grade tumour under multimodal therapy, inversely reconstructed with bias shift: oligodendroglioma tumour. (A) Tumour cell population as therapy progresses, population becomes zero at point P, after 30.1 days, system tracked for 70 days (point L), to ensure complete elimination of the cells and no relapse of them occurs. Inset shows plot for 800 days, tumour cells population remains zero indefinitely. (B) Temporal variation of the Cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocyte population needed for complete elimination of tumour. Note bimodal temporal dose-profile with two peaks, occurring at two time points, A and B. (C) Temporal profile of concentration of chemotherapy agent Temozolomide required to eliminate the tumour. Observe unimodal temporal dose-profile with hump D, thereafter drug level decreases to E; (D) Level of Interleukin-2 concentration needed for tumour regression. Note the substantial level of interleukin, the level being truncated so as to keep concentration level below its toxicity threshold (point F level). (E) Natural killer cell population during therapy. Population stops increasing duly, 600 days plotted to show this and population does not cross upper bound of physiological limits in Table 2. (F) Circulating lymphocyte population, also does not exceed upper bound of physiological limits (Table 2). (G) Injected daily dose-rate of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte required for tumour elimination. Arrow demarcates pulse dosage injection (point G) needed at latter portion of the therapy. Distinct step G readily seen in enlarged inset (arrow). (H) Injected daily dose-rate of Temozolomide chemotherapeutic drug necessary for tumour regression, dose-rate does not rise above H, so as to be below toxicity bound (Table 2). Arrow points to pulse dosage injection required later. (I) Injected daily dose-rate of Interleukin-2 required for eliminating the tumour, dose-rate also kept at permissible upper limit (Table 2). Arrow shows elevated pulse dosage injection needed later.

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