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Table 2 The model proposed description of ECG skin electrodes as “UP” and “DOWN” instead of conventional “positive” and “negative” electrodes

From: A vector-free ECG interpretation with P, QRS & T waves as unbalanced transitions between stable configurations of the heart electric field during P-R, S-T & T-P segments

ECG leads

 

DOWN (-)

Heart parts along the lead path

UP (+)

Bipolar Einthowen leads

I.

Right arm

Right ventricle wall

Septum

Left ventricle wall

Left arm

II

Atria

Septum and walls

Apex

Left foot

III

Left arm

Unipolar leads from extremities

aVL

Between right arm & left foot

Right ventricle wall

Septum

Left ventricle wall

Left arm

aVR

Between left arm & left foot

Left ventricle wall

Septum

Atria

Right arm

aVF

Zpper thoracic aperture, nuchal area

Atria

Septum and walls

Apex

Left foot

Precordial chest leads

V1-2

Central terminal

Deep heart structures

Septum

Atria

Positions on the chest front

V3-4

Anteroseptal

V5-6

Left ventricle wall

Bipolar triaxiall leads

X

R thoracic wall

Right ventricle wall

Septum

Left ventricle wall

L thoracic wall

Y

Upper thoracic aperture, nuchal area

Atria

Septum and walls

Apex

Left foot

Z

Sternal thoracic wall

Ventricle wall

Septum

Ventricle wall

Dorzal thoracic wall