Common angiotensin receptor blockers may directly modulate the immune system via VDR, PPAR and CCR2b

Table 1 Estimated Inhibition Constant, Ki (nmol), for ARBs docking into several immune system receptors.

	Olmesartan	Telmisartan	Valsartan	Irbesartan	Candesartan	Losartan
VDR,1DB1	12, 27	0.038	14	10	35	77
VDR,1TXI	10,34	0.039	14	12	30	74
PPAR	12	0.29	12	6	61	3
CCR2b *	9*	25*	22*	9*	39*	25*
AT2R1 *	0.10*	0.10*	0.3*	0.17*	1.5*	0.50*

*Note 1: CCR2b and AT2R1 are theoretical models, and may not be reliable (see text)
Note 2: (conventional ligand binding data): 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D docks into VDR (PDB:1DB1) with Ki = 0.029 nmol and into VDR (PDB:1TXI) with Ki= 0.059 nmol
TX522 docks into VDR (PDB:1DB1) with Ki = 0.071 nmol and VDR (PDB:1TXI) with Ki = 0.12 nmol
TAK779 docks into putative CCR2b with Ki = 10 nmol
GI262570 docks into PPAR (PDB:1FM9) with Ki = 0.040 nmol.

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