Table 1 Summary of the agents, signals and behaviors in the Basic Immune Simulator.
AGENT TYPES AND ZONES | IMMUNE CELLS REPRESENTED AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION | SIGNALS | CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES [28] AND MOLECULES REPRESENTED BY EACH SIGNAL |
|---|---|---|---|
Parenchymal Cell Agent (PC) Zone 1 | Functional tissue cells | (Parenchymal-kine 1) PK1 | Stress factors such as Heat Shock Proteins [66], Uric Acid [67], and Chemerin [68], chemokines such as CX3CL1, CCL3, CCL5, CCL6 |
| Â | Â | Virus | Virus particles |
| Â | Â | Apoptotic bodies | Apoptotic bodies or dead cells associated with programmed cell death |
| Â | Â | Necrosis factors | Cell fragments associated with death by necrosis |
Dendritic Cell Agent (DC1, DC2) Zones 1, 2 | Tissue surveillance, antigen presentation, INNATE immunity | (Mono-kine 1) MK1 | IL-12, IL-8 (CXCL8) [69], CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 |
| Â | Â | (Mono-kine 2) MK2 | IL-10, CCL1, CCL17, CCL22, CCL11, CCL24, CCL26 |
Macrophage Agent (MΦ1, MΦ2)Zone 1 | Scavenging of dead cell debris, antigen presentation, INNATE immunity | MK1 | IL-12, IL-8 (CXCL8), CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 |
| Â | Â | MK2 | IL-10, CCL1, CCL17, CCL22, CCL11, CCL24, CCL26 |
T Cell Agent (T, T1, T2) Zones 2,3,1 | T HELPER lymphocytes, cell-mediated, ADAPTIVE immunity | (Cytokine 1) CK1 | IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-β |
|  |  | (Cytokine 2) CK2 | TGF-β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 |
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Agent (CTL) Zones 2,3,1 | T CYTOTOXIC lymphocytes, cell-mediated, ADAPTIVE immunity | CK1 | IFN-γ |
Natural Killer Cell Agent (NK) Zone 1 | Natural Killer Cells, cell-mediated immunity, kills stressed cells, INNATE immunity | CK1 | IFN-γ |
B Cell Agent (B, B1, B2) Zones 2,3,1 | B Lymphocytes, ADAPTIVE, humoral immunity, makes antibodies | (Antibody 1) Ab1 | Cytotoxic and neutralizing antibody |
| Â | Â | (Antibody 2) Ab2 | Targeting and neutralizing antibody |
| Â | Â | Complement | Bound antibody catalyzes complement product formation, C3a, C5a [70] |
Granulocyte Agent (Gran) Zones 3,1 | Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils, INNATE immunity, releases enzymes and toxins by degranulation and produces reactive oxygen species | (Degranulation product 1) G1 | Degranulation products, reactive oxygen products |
Portal Agent Zones 1,2,3 | Blood vessels, lymphatic ducts. The only agent representing a structure rather than a cell type. | Â | Â |