Figure 2

Biological information flow (transformation and recognition) between nucleic acids and proteins. All biological information is stored in nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) and much in proteins (P). The information transfer and interactions between nucleic acids and the formation of double-stranded (ds) forms are well known and understood. However, the exact nature of P-P and P-nucleic acid interactions is still obscure. The works of these four scientists played important roles in much that we know about such information transfers and interactions (subjectively chosen by the author of this article).