Table 1 Model parameters and their numerical values. Where no reference is given, the value chosen is our estimate.

D _a

Diffusion coefficient of chemicals

2.6 × 10^-7 cm² s^-1

[32–34]

D _s

Diffusion coefficient of cells

8 × 10^-10 cm² s^-1

[35]

C ₁

Production rate of chemicals

0.01 cm^-4 s^-1 g

C ₂

Proliferation rate of cells

0.0202 day^-1

[36]

C ₃

Production rate of ECM by cells

0.01 h^-1

λ

Removal rate of chemicals

6.5 × 10⁴ cm³ s^-1 g^-1

[37–39]

χ _a

Chemotactic coefficient

2.9 × 10² cm⁵ s^-1 g^-1

[36],[40]

A

Intimal chemical concentration threshold

10^-9 g cm^-3

[40]

S

Maximum cells density in O

1 g cm^-3

P

Maximum ECM density in O

1 g cm^-3

R ₀

Healthy vein luminal radius

1.35 mm

d _INT

Thickness of the venous intimal layer

0.15 mm

β _s

Cells movement across the boundary rate

0.2 cm^-4 g

k

Neointima formation rate

0.02 g^-1 cm³