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Figure 11 | Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling

Figure 11

From: Using a human cardiovascular-respiratory model to characterize cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus

Figure 11

Relation of Septal Motion to Hemodynamics. Septal movement is tracked by plotting septal volume VSPT vs. time, in which positive VSPT is rightward septal position, zero VSPT is the unstressed or neutral septal position, and negative VSPT is leftward septal position. Pericardial pressure shown in control (Panel A) and 1000 ml effusion cases (Panel B) during inspiration. Remaining panels show LV pressure (Panels C-D), RV pressure (Panels E-F), tricuspid flow (Panels G-H), mitral flow (Panels I-J), and septal volume (Panels K-L). LV systolic and diastolic intervals are indicated by dashed vertical lines, coincident with mitral valve opening and closure. The ejection times are offset in the two ventricles, with late aortic valve opening (AO) coincident with delayed septal leftward thrust and early pulmonic valve closure (PC) with premature reduction in PRV due to PPERI systolic dip. The septum remains left-shifted at the start of right ventricular filling. With rightward septal movement upon deactivation (bold arrows in Panels E-F and K-L) flow is interrupted and a split E-wave is produced (see text for details). (AO = aortic valve opening, AC = aortic valve closure, PO = pulmonic valve opening, PC = pulmonic valve closure)

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