Figure 1
From: A local glucose-and oxygen concentration-based insulin secretion model for pancreatic islets
Schematic concept of the present model of glucose-stimulated insulin release in β-cells. It is implemented within a general framework of sigmoid proportional-integral-derivative (SPID) controller, and responds to glucose concentrations, but is also influenced by the local availability of oxygen. A total of four concentrations are modeled for 'local' and released insulin (c insL, c ins), glucose (c gluc), and oxygen (c oxy), respectively.