Table 2 Countries with early child clusters of cases (or school outbreaks) during the influenza pandemic (H1N1-2009)
From: The feasibility of age-specific travel restrictions during influenza pandemics
Country | Report month | Descriptions |
|---|---|---|
Australia [51] | February 2010 | The return of children to school in the North American autumn 2009 was associated with a substantial increase in the number of cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza |
Australia [52] | May 2009 | 55% of H1N1-2009 cases in Australia and 63% of cases in Victoria to date have been school aged children (5 - 17 years) |
Argentina [53] | May 2009 | First imported case seeded an elementary school outbreak in Buenos Aires, and, within days, several schools reported increasing numbers of cases |
Cyprus [54] | June 2009 | The disease spread quickly, initially among younger people who visited tourist resorts and entertainment clubs or school-aged children who stayed at camping places or summer schools |
France [55] | July 2009 | The first time in France, a confirmed outbreak without history of travel occurred in a secondary school in Toulouse district |
Germany [56] | June 2009 | About two thirds of indigenous cases were associated with two large school-associated outbreaks |
Italy [42] | December 2009 | First cluster of in-country transmission involved a 33-month-old and a 11-year-old child |
Japan [57] | May 2009 | Most of new cases were seen in high school students in western Japan |
Macau [58] | July 2009 | Three locally-infected cases were all local primary school students |
Malaysia [59] | July 2009 | The first case was a student returning from the US followed by multiple clusters in schools, which all involved cases returning from abroad with the infection. |
Thailand [48] | October 2009 | The number of reported cases was most prevalent in primary school students aged 6-12 years, followed by secondary school students aged 13-18 years |
United Kingdom [49] | August 2009 | First confirmed case, a pupil at a school in England, was imported. During the following two weeks, 16 further cases were confirmed with epidemiological links to the first imported case. |
United States of America [60] | October 2009 | In May 2009, one of the earliest outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus (pH1N1) infection resulted in the closure of a semi-rural Pennsylvania elementary school |