Table 6 The most significant genetic predictors of drug response
Organ or system involved | Associated gene/allele | Drug/drug response phenotype |
|---|---|---|
Blood | ||
Red blood cells | G6PD | Primaquine and others |
Neutrophils | TMPT*2 | Azathioprine/6MP-induced neutropenia |
| Â | UGT1A1*28 | Irintotecan-induced neutropenia |
Plates | CYP2C19*2 | Stent thrombusis |
Coagulation | CY2C9*2, *3, VKORC1 | Warfarin dose-requirement |
Brain and peripheral nervous system | ||
CNS depression | CYP2D6*N | Codeine-related sedation and respiratory depression |
Anaesthesia | Butyrylcholinesterase | Prolonged apnoea |
Peripheral nerves | NAT-2 | Isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy |
Drug hypersesitivity | HLA-B*5701 | Abacavir hypersensitivity |
| Â | HLA-B*1502 | Carbamazepine-induced Steve Johnson syndrome (in some Asian groups ) |
| Â | HLA-A*3101 | Carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity in Causians and Japanese |
| Â | HLA-B*5801 | Allopurinol-induced serious cutaneous reactions |
Drug-induced liver injury | HLA-B*5701 | Flucloxacillin |
| Â | HLA-DR81*1501-DQ81*0602 | Co-amoxiclav |
| Â | HLA-DR81*1501-DQ81*0602 | Lumiracoxib |
| Â | HLA-BR81*07-DOA1*02 | Ximelagatran |
| Â | HLA-DQA1*0201 | Lapatinib |
Infection | ||
HIV-1 infection | CCRS | Maraviroc efficacy |
Hepatitis C infection | IL288 | Interferon-alpha efficacy |
Malignancy | ||
Breast cancer | CYP2D^ | Response to tamoxifen |
Chronic myeloid leukaemia | BCR-ABL | Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
Colon cancer | KRAS | Cetuximab efficacy |
GI stromal tumours | c-kit | Imatinib efficacy |
Lung cancer | EGFR | Gefinib efficacy |
| Â | EML4-ALK | Crizotinib efficacy |
Malignant melanoma | BRAF V600E | Vemurafenib efficacy |