Table 1 Model parameters

p ₁

$6.0594\times 10^{-5}\frac{1}{min}$

transition rate G₁ → S

p ₂

$4.9861\times 10^{-3}\frac{1}{min}$

transition rate S → G₂/M

p ₃

$8.9444\times 10^{-4}\frac{1}{min}$

transition rate G₂/M → G₁

p ₄

$3.3194\times 10^{-4}\frac{1}{min}$

apoptosis rate

p ₅

$0.056\frac{100\text{ml}}{\text{mg}}$

influence factor of glucose

p ₆

0.3$\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}min}$

rate of glucose production

p ₇

0.003$\frac{1}{min}$

glucose effectiveness

at zero insulin

p ₈

$360\times 10^{-3}\frac{100\text{ml}}{\text{mg min}}$

insulin sensitivity

p ₉

0.622$\frac{1}{min}$

secretion rate of insulin

p ₁₀

0.3$\frac{1}{min}$

decay rate of insulin

p ₁₁

0.0337$\frac{1}{min}$

rate of provision increase

p ₁₂

1.72×10⁻⁹ mg

average insulin amount per β‐cell

bv

3.33 ml

blood volume of 35g mouse

f

0.5

proportionality factor

h

5

Hill coefficient

P ₀

186.506$\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}}$

Michaelis constant

${\bar{X}}_{\mathit{\text{max}}}$

1.65×10⁻³ mg

maximal amount of insulin

per pancreas

k

3.3

Hill coefficient

C

149.78$\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}}$

Michaelis constant