Figure 5
Correlation between the spVL and the PAF. Using combinations of the parameters k v and N (see Table S2 in the Additional file 1), the between-host model indicated that co-infection would have a negligible impact in populations where the circulating virus has low replicative capacity reflected in low spVL. Conversely, the impact of co-infection would increase as the spVL of the population increases, until the effect tends to stabilize at spVL around 1 × 105. Black solid line indicates the PAF estimated from one episode of malaria; blue dashed line, two episodes; red dashed-dotted line, four episodes.