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Table 2 Cost estimates of tumors based on increased glucose turnover and increased glucose recycling

From: Modeling the energetic cost of cancer as a result of altered energy metabolism: implications for cachexia

Study

Additional glucose turnover in cancer patients

p cancer , probability glucose in bloodstream consumed by tumor

X anaerobic , % ATP generated from glycolysis in tumor

Cost estimate of tumor based on glucose turnover and glucose recycling (for 70 kg patient)

C [23]

2.06 g/kg patient/day

44 %

26 %

P cost_glucose  = 200 kcal/day

D [22]

0.850 g/kg patient/day

26 %

19 %

P cost_glucose  = 94 kcal/day

E [21]

1.19 g/kg patient/day

27 %

4 %

P cost_glucose  = 240 kcal/day

  1. Additional information about the calculation of p cancer , X anaerobic , K cost , and P cost_glucose are found in Additional file 4. Cost is rounded to two significant figures. Study C [23] compared patients with metastatic carcinoma who had progressive weight loss or were weight stable. Study D [22] compared cachexic metastatic colorectal cancer patients versus an age-related control group without cancer. Study E [21] compared malnourished cachexic cancer patients versus malnourished patients without cancer, where all patients had lost ~14-15 % of their normal body weight