Fig. 3

Probabilistic space constructed by an uninvolved participant P to predict the outcomes of the experiments. A team of interacting experimenters O and O’ is described from the standpoint of an uninvolved participant who knows the initial experimental conditions (Fig. 2). We suppose a probability equal to p for the event “direct relationship” and equal to q for the event “reverse relationship” (p + q = 1). Each observer has his own probabilistic expectations and P assigns the probability p to O as the best estimate that O can make for the future observation of a direct relationship; the same probability is assigned to O’ independently of O since the probabilistic expectations are specific to each observer. White areas are unauthorized experimental situations with incompatible outcomes after interaction of O and O’ (e.g. “direct” for O and “reverse” for O’). Therefore, the probability that the experimenters observe a direct relationship is calculated by dividing the central gray area (“direct” for both observers) by the sum of the probabilities of possible outcomes (either “direct” or “reverse” for both observers), namely all gray areas. Ω, probability space