Table 1 Material properties used in the Biot theory
From: Theoretically proposed optimal frequency for ultrasound induced cartilage restoration
Cytoplasm | |||
Bulk Medium | |||
Bulk Modulus (Pa) | K d | 500 | [26] |
Poisson’s Ratio | ν | 0.38 | [42] |
Bulk Density (kg/m3) | ρ d | 300 | [57] |
Permeability (m2) | k p | 7 x 10−19 | \( {\mu}_f/\overline{\omega} \) [53] |
Porosity | є p | 0.75 | [57] |
Biot-Willis Coefficient | α B | 0.9999 | 1-K/K s |
Tortuosity Factor | τ ∞ | 1.2 | [58] |
Fluid Phase | |||
Density (kg/m3) | ρ f | 992.52 | [59] |
Vicosity (Pa∙s) | μ f | 0.7 x 10−3 | [60] |
Compressibility (1/Pa) | χ f | 4.35 x 10−10 | 1/K f |
Nucleus | |||
Bulk Medium | |||
Bulk Modulus (Pa) | K d | 2 x 103 | [39] |
Poisson’s Ratio | ν | 0.38 | [26] |
Bulk Density (kg/m3) | ρ d | 400 | [26] |
Permeability (m2) | k p | 7 x 10−19 | \( {\mu}_f/\overline{\omega} \) |
Porosity | є p | 0.65 | [61] |
Biot-Willis Coefficient | α B | 0.9996 | 1-K d /K s |
Tortuosity Factor | τ ∞ | 2 | [58] |
Fluid Phase | |||
See cytoplasm fluid phase | |||