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Table 1 The chosen Parameters of the simulated S-system

From: A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for parameter estimation of a biological system

True parameters

α i

g i1

g i2

g i3

g i4

β i

h i1

h i2

h i3

h i4

x 1

20.0

0

0

−0.8

0

10.0

0.5

0

0

0

x 2

8.0

0.5

0

0

0

3.0

0

0.75

0

0

x 3

3.0

0

0.75

0

0

3.0

0

0

0.5

0.2

x 4

2.0

0.5

0

0

0

6.0

0

0

0

0.8