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Table 2 The estimated parameters of two simulations for IUKF algorithm

From: A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for parameter estimation of a biological system

True parameters

α i

g i1

g i2

g i3

g i4

β i

h i1

h i2

h i3

h i4

RMSE

IUKF noise free measurement

0.5698

x 1

20.4897

0

0

−0.3092

0

10.488

0.9954

0

0

0

x 2

7.5180

1.5027

0

0

0

3.4884

0

1.7552

0

0

x 3

3.4989

0

1.7556

0

0

2.4842

0

0

1.5019

0.7053

x 4

2.4902

0.9887

0

0

0

6.4926

0

0

0

1.294

IUKF noisy measurement with SNR 20

0.6853

x 1

19.6459

0

0

−0.1437

0

9.643

1.6490

0

0

0

x 2

9.1521

1.1415

0

0

0

3.6681

0

1.4249

0

0

x 3

3.6506

0

1.8956

0

0

3.6517

0

0

1.1638

0.8546

x 4

2.6518

1.6585

0

0

0

7.6445

0

0

0

1.4447