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  1. Recent experiments have explored effects of activities of kinases other than the well-studied GSK3β, in wnt pathway signaling, particularly at the level of β-catenin. It has also been found that the kinase PKA...

    Authors: Ying-Chieh Sun
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Rat models are frequently used to find genomic regions that contribute to complex diseases, so called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In general, the genomic regions found to be associated with a quantitative ...

    Authors: Lars Andersson, Greta Petersen and Fredrik Ståhl
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. When grown in three-dimensional (3D) cultures, epithelial cells typically form cystic organoids that recapitulate cardinal features of in vivo epithelial structures. Characterizing essential cell actions and t...

    Authors: Sean HJ Kim, Sunwoo Park, Keith Mostov, Jayanta Debnath and C Anthony Hunt
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. In vitro culture of pathogens on growth media forms a "pillar" for both infectious disease diagnosis and drug sensitivity profiling. Conventional cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) on Lowenstein Jensen...

    Authors: Misaki Wayengera
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:4
    Content type: Database Published on:

  11. The details of interaction in a complex between potent antagonists such as long chain α-neurotoxins and α-conotoxins with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and conformational changes induced by these a...

    Authors: Adak Nasiripourdori, Bijan Ranjbar and Hossein Naderi-Manesh
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The expression and activity of P-glycoproteins due to genetic or environmental factors may have a significant impact on drug disposition, drug effectiveness or drug toxicity. Hence, characterization of drug di...

    Authors: Frédérique Fenneteau, Jacques Turgeon, Lucie Couture, Véronique Michaud, Jun LI and Fahima Nekka
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Midsegment duplication (dup) of chromatid arms may be symmetric or asymmetric. It can be argued that every dup should yield a discommensured RC with (a) loss of at least one duplicated unit to the template cou...

    Authors: Mark N Jabbour
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. A key physiological mechanism employed by multicellular organisms is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Apoptosis is triggered by the activation of caspases in response to both extracellular (extrinsic) and ...

    Authors: Heather A Harrington, Kenneth L Ho, Samik Ghosh and KC Tung
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Highly selective antiretroviral (ARV) regimens such as single dose nevirapine (NVP) used for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in resource-limited settings produce transient increases in other...

    Authors: Tinevimbo Shiri and Alex Welte
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Based on neurochemical and genetic evidence, we suggest that both prevention and treatment of multiple addictions, such as dependence to alcohol, nicotine and glucose, should involve a biphasic approach. Thus,...

    Authors: Kenneth Blum, Amanda LihChuan Chen, Thomas JH Chen, Eric R Braverman, Jeffrey Reinking, Seth H Blum, Kimberly Cassel, Bernard W Downs, Roger L Waite, Lonna Williams, Thomas J Prihoda, Mallory M Kerner, Tomas Palomo, David E Comings, Howard Tung, Patrick Rhoades…
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:24
    Content type: Review Published on:

  17. The high sensitivity of hematopoietic cells, especially stem cells, to radiation and to pro-oxidative and other leukemogenic agents is related to certain of their morphological and metabolic features. It is at...

    Authors: Boris N Lyu, Sanzhar B Ismailov, Bolat Ismailov and Marina B Lyu
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:23
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) confers a large health-care burden for the United States, and the morbidity associated with vascular access failure has stimulated research into detection of vascular access sten...

    Authors: William F Weitzel, Casey L Cotant, Zhijie Wen, Rohan Biswas, Prashant Patel, Harsha Panduranga, Yogesh B Gianchandani and Jonathan M Rubin
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Quantification of the transmission dynamics of smallpox is crucial for optimizing intervention strategies in the event of a bioterrorist attack. This article reviews basic methods and findings in mathematical ...

    Authors: Hiroshi Nishiura, Stefan O Brockmann and Martin Eichner
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  21. There are various methods for predicting human pharmacokinetics. Among these, a whole body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (WBPBPK) model is useful because it gives a mechanistic description. However, WB...

    Authors: Hirotaka Ando, Shigeru Izawa, Wataru Hori and Ippei Nakagawa
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2009 6:29

  22. Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2 are enveloped viruses with a linear dsDNA genome of ~120–200 kb. Genital infection with HSV-2 has been denoted as a major risk factor for acquisition and transmission of HIV-...

    Authors: Misaki Wayengera, Henry Kajumbula and Wilson Byarugaba
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Insulin, the principal regulating hormone of blood glucose, is released through the bursting of the pancreatic islets. Increasing evidence indicates the importance of islet morphostructure in its function, and...

    Authors: Aparna Nittala and Xujing Wang
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. There is a 3-fold redundancy in the Genetic Code; most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. These synonymous codons are not used equally; there is a Codon Usage Bias (CUB). This article will provide...

    Authors: Jan C Biro
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Carcinogenesis is commonly described as a multistage process, in which stem cells are transformed into cancer cells via a series of mutations. In this article, we consider extensions of the multistage carcinog...

    Authors: Sandro Gsteiger and Stephan Morgenthaler
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Several fractal and non-fractal parameters have been considered for the quantitative assessment of the vascular architecture, using a variety of test specimens and of computational tools. The fractal parameter...

    Authors: Daniele Mancardi, Gianfranco Varetto, Enrico Bucci, Fabrizio Maniero and Caterina Guiot
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:12
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  30. Research in the last fifty years has shown that many autistic individuals have elevated serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in blood platelets. This phenomenon, known as the platelet hyperserotonemia ...

    Authors: Skirmantas Janušonis
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The comprehension of the gene regulatory code in eukaryotes is one of the major challenges of systems biology, and is a requirement for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for multifactorial diseas...

    Authors: Annick Lesne and Arndt Benecke
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in anti-oxidant defense and detoxification reactions. It is primarily synthesized in the liver by the transsulfuration pathway and exported to provide precursors for i...

    Authors: Michael C Reed, Rachel L Thomas, Jovana Pavisic, S Jill James, Cornelia M Ulrich and H Frederik Nijhout
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The Phenomenological Universalities approach has been developed by P.P. Delsanto and collaborators during the past 2–3 years. It represents a new tool for the analysis of experimental datasets and cross-fertil...

    Authors: Pier Paolo Delsanto, Antonio S Gliozzi and Caterina Guiot
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. In hemodialysis patients, the most common cause of vascular access failure is neointimal hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells at the venous anastomosis of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. The release ...

    Authors: Paula Budu-Grajdeanu, Richard C Schugart, Avner Friedman, Christopher Valentine, Anil K Agarwal and Brad H Rovin
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Genetic and environmental agents that disrupt organogenesis are numerous and well described. Less well established, however, is the role of delay in the developmental processes that yield functionally immature...

    Authors: J Craig Cohen and Janet E Larson
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2008 5:1
    Content type: Review Published on:

  40. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In silico modeling is considered to be an increasingly promising tool to add ...

    Authors: Zhihui Wang, Le Zhang, Jonathan Sagotsky and Thomas S Deisboeck
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. The desire to better understand the immuno-biology of infectious diseases as a broader ecological system has motivated the explicit representation of epidemiological processes as a function of immune system dy...

    Authors: David M Vickers and Nathaniel D Osgood
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. It is a daunting task to identify all the metabolic pathways of brain energy metabolism and develop a dynamic simulation environment that will cover a time scale ranging from seconds to hours. To simplify this...

    Authors: Tunahan Çakιr, Selma Alsan, Hale Saybaşιlι, Ata Akιn and Kutlu Ö Ülgen
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Abel and Trevors have delineated three aspects of sequence complexity, Random Sequence Complexity (RSC), Ordered Sequence Complexity (OSC) and Functional Sequence Complexity (FSC) observed in biosequences such...

    Authors: Kirk K Durston, David KY Chiu, David L Abel and Jack T Trevors
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. A significant body of literature is devoted to modeling developmental mechanisms that create patterns within groups of initially equivalent embryonic cells. Although it is clear that these mechanisms do not fu...

    Authors: Gregory J Podgorski, Mayank Bansal and Nicholas S Flann
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. The diauxic shift in yeast requires cells to coordinate a complicated response that involves numerous genes and metabolic processes. It is unknown whether responses of this type are mediated in vivo through chang...

    Authors: Fernando Alvarez-Vasquez, Kellie J Sims, Eberhard O Voit and Yusuf A Hannun
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Despite a prodigious investment of funds, we cannot treat or prevent arteriosclerosis and restenosis, particularly its major pathology, arterial intimal hyperplasia. A cornerstone question lies behind all appr...

    Authors: Vladimir M Subbotin
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. A new two-parameter probability distribution called hypertabastic is introduced to model the survival or time-to-event data. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the hypertabastic ...

    Authors: Mohammad A Tabatabai, Zoran Bursac, David K Williams and Karan P Singh
    Citation: Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2007 4:40
    Content type: Research Published on: