Figure 1

Post-traumatic acute inflammatory response. During the first, immediate or nervous phase (N) of the acute inflammatory response ischemia-revascularization is produced with edema and oxidative stress. In the second, intermediate or immune phase (I) coagulation and infiltration of the interstitium is produced by leukocytes and bacteria. During the nervous and immune phases lymphatic circulation plays a major role. In the third, final or endocrine phase (E), nutrition mediated by the blood capillaries is established due to angiogenesis. SC: Stem cell; SPC: Stem pleiotropic cell; SHC: Stem hematopoietic cell; Eo: Eosinophil; MC: Mast cell; EC: Epithelial cell; P: Plasma; Pt: Platelets; L: Lymph; MN: Monocytes; N: Neutrophils; TC: T cells; MØ: Macrophage; BC: B cells; IL: Intraepithelial lymphocyte; RBC: Red blood cells; C: Capillary; F: Fibroblast; V: postcapillar venule