Table 3 Definitions of the parameters.

G_b [mM]

basal glycemia

I_b [pM]

basal insulinemia

T_xg [mM / min]

maximal insulin-independent rate constant for glucose tissue uptake

K_xgI [min^-1/pM]

insulin-dependent apparent first-order rate constant for glucose tissue uptake at insulinemia I

K_xi [min^-1]

apparent first-order rate constant for insulin removal from plasma

T_iG [pM/min/mM]

apparent zero-order net insulin synthesis rate at unit glycemia (after liver first-pass effect)

T_ixb [pmol/min/kgBW]

basal insulin infusion rate, which is given by the measured value of T_ix at time zero according to [18]

T_ghmax [mmol/min/kgBW]

maximal Hepatic Glucose Output at zero glycemia, zero insulinemia

T_ghb [mmol/min/kgBW]

basal value of T_gh

V_g [L/kgBW]

volume of distribution for glucose

V_i [L/kgBW]

volume of distribution for insulin

α [#]

time constant for the insulin delay kernel ω(·)

τ_g [min]

discrete (distributional) delay of the change in glycemia following glucose infusion

λ [mM^-1pM^-1]

rate constant for Hepatic Glucose Output decrease with increase of glycemia and insulinemia

ρ [#]

average delay of insulin effect