Table 1 Parameter definitions and baseline values used in the numerical simulations

a _i

Group-specific activity level for age group i

0.1−0.84

π _i

Group-specific mixing fraction for age group i

0−1

α _i

Recovery rate for infected class for age group i (days ⁻¹)

0.244

η _i

Rate of progression from asymptomatic to recovered class for age group i (days ⁻¹)

0.244

α _T,i

Recovery rate for treated class for age group i (days ⁻¹)

0.323

κ _i

Rate of progression from latent to infective or asymptomatic class (days ⁻¹)

0.526

p

Fraction of latent individuals who become infected

0.667

σ

Infectivity reduction for treated class

0.2

δ

Infectivity reduction for asymptomatic class

0.5

d _i

Mortality rate for infected class for age group i (days ⁻¹)

0.01 (i=1)

0.08 (i=2)

d _T,i

Mortality rate for recovered class for age group i (days ⁻¹)

0.005 (i=1)

0.04 (i=2)

b

The upper bound of control

0.2, 0.5, 1

C _i

Weight constants on I _i (i=1,2)

1

W _i

Weight constants on controls (i=1,2)

1,100

N ₁

Population size for group 1

1750

N ₂

Population size for group 2

250