Table 2 Urine solute excretion rates used to calculate urine concentrations [2, 9, 21]
From: Thermodynamic considerations in renal separation processes
Substance | Reference range (mmol/day) | Excretion rate used (mmol/day) |
|---|---|---|
Sodium (Na + ) | 100 – 260 | 180 |
Potassium (K + ) | 25 – 100 | 63 |
Calcium (Ca2 + ) | 2.5-7.5 | 5 |
Chloride (Cl − ) | 80–250 | 165 |
Bicarbonate (HCO3 − ) | 9.9–16.6 | 13 |
Glucose | 0 | 0 |
Urea | 200–405 | 303 |
Creatinine | 2 | 2 |
Total | 419–1023 | 731 |