Fig. 3

The gene expression model training simulations. The model’s unknown parameters were estimated using PSO. The red lines show the mean simulated results for (a) TMR, (b) TM at RA = 0.1 μM, (c) TM at RA = 1 μM and (d) TM at RA = 10 μM. The shaded regions denote 99% confidence interval of the mean results [47, 70]. The black dots indicate the experimental data, while the standard deviation of each experimental data point is half the length of the total error bar